The first technique used to examine the abdomen of a client is:
0/1
Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion
Inspection
Correct answer
Inspection
The client reports nausea and constipation. Which of the following
would be the priority nursing action?
0/1
Complete an
abdominal assessment
Administer
an anti-nausea a medication
Notify the
physician
Collect a
stool sample
Correct answer
Complete an abdominal
assessment
Signs of denture-related stomatitis
0/1
Whiteness
on the tongue
Patches of
shiny redness on the cheek and tongue
Patches of
shiny redness on the palette and gums
Patches of
shiny redness on the tongue
Correct answer
Patches of shiny redness on
the palette and gums
Causes of gingival bleeding
0/1
Poor
removal of plaque
Poor
flossing
Poor
nutrition
Poor taking
of drugs
Correct answer
Poor removal of plaque
All are signs of denture-related stomatitis except:
1/1
Redness
underneath the area where the dentures are placed
Red sores
at the corners of lips or on the roof of the mouth
Presence of
white patches inside the mouth
Gingivitis
Which of the following is not a cause of gingival bleeding?
0/1
Vigorous
brushing of teeth
Vitamin
deficiency (vitamins C and K)
Intake of
blood thinning medications (warfarin, aspirin and heparin)
Lifestyle
Correct answer
Lifestyle
Mr Bond, 72 years old, complains of difficulty of chewing his
food. He normally wears upper dentures daily. On assessment, you noticed some
signs of gingivitis. Which of the following signs will you expect?
0/1
Redness of
soft palate and tissues surrounding the teeth
Haemo-serous
discharges around the gums
Loosening
of teeth
Presence of
pockets deep in the gums
Correct answer
Redness of soft palate and
tissues surrounding the teeth
Mr Bond also shared with you that his gums also bleed during
brushing. Which of the following statement will best explain this?
0/1
Lack of
vitamin C in his diet
He is
brushing too hard
He is not
using proper toothbrush to remove the plaque
He is
flossing wrongly
Correct answer
He is not using proper
toothbrush to remove the plaque
While brushing the teeth of the patient the nurse observes
bleeding gums in the client . The nurse understands that the probable cause for
this gingivitis is:
0/1
Poor diet
Poor
flossing
Poor tartar
removal
Infection
Correct answer
Poor tartar removal
Which of the following is no longer a recommended method of
mouth care?
1/1
Chlorhexidine
solution and foam sticks
Sodium
bicarbonate
Normal
saline mouth wash
Glycerine and lemon swabs
A patient develops gingivitis after using an artificial denture.
It is characterized by
0/1
White
patches on tongue
Red shiny
patches on tongue
Red shiny
patches around the palate of tooth
Correct answer
Red shiny patches around
the palate of tooth
A patient needs weighing, as he is due a drug that is calculated
on bodyweight. He experiences a lot of pain on movement so is reluctant to
move, particularly stand up. What would you do?
0/1
Document
clearly in the patient's notes that a weight cannot be obtained
Offer the
patient pain relief and either use bed scales or a hoist with scales built in
Discuss the
case with your colleagues and agree to guess his bodyweight until he agrees to
stand and use the chair scales
Omit the
drug as it is not safe to give it without this information; inform the doctor and
document your actions
Correct answer
Offer the patient pain
relief and either use bed scales or a hoist with scales built in
If the prescribed volume is taken, which of the following types
of feed will provide all protein, vitamins, minerals and trace elements to meet
a patient's nutritional requirements?
0/1
Protein
shakes/supplements
Sip feeds
Energy
drinks
Mixed fat
and glucose polymer solutions/powders
Correct answer
Sip feeds
You have a diabetic patient who is non-insulin dependent. How many
portions of fruits and vegetables will you administer per day?
0/1
3 portions
4 portions
5 portions
6 portions
Correct answer
5 portions
John, 26 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to multiple
gunshot wounds on his abdomen. On nutritional assessment in the ICU, the
patient’s height and weight were estimated to be 1.75 m and 75 kg,
respectively, with a normal body mass index (BMI) of 24.5 kg/m2. He was started
on Parenteral Nutrition support on day one post admission. Postoperatively, the
patient developed worsening renal function and required dialysis. In critical
care, what would be most likely recommended for him to meet his nutritional
need?
0/1
Starting
Parenteral Nutrition early in patients who are unlikely to tolerate enteral
intake within the next three days
Starting
with a slightly lower than required energy intake (25 kCal/kg)
A range of
protein requirements (13-15 g/kg)
All of the
above
None of the
above
Correct answer
All of the above
You are currently working in a nursing home. One of the service
users is struggling to swallow or chew his food. To whom do you make a referral
to?
0/1
Tissue
Viability Nurse
Social Worker
Speech and
Language Therapist
Care
Manager
Correct answer
Speech and Language
Therapist
A patient is to be subjected for surgery but the patient’s BMI
is low. Where will you refer the patient?
0/1
Speech and
Language Therapist
Dietician
Chef
Family
member
Correct answer
Dietician
A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 29 means:
0/1
Normal
Overweight
Obese
Underweight
Correct answer
Overweight
Based on the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). If a
patient is moderately malnourished, the nurse should?
0/1
Screen the
patient repeatedly every week
Observe
repeat screening weekly in hospital and at least quarterly in the community
setting
Refer to a
dietitian for support
Check the
nutritional status yearly
Correct answer
Observe repeat screening
weekly in hospital and at least quarterly in the community setting
An overall risk of malnutrition of 2 or higher signifies:
1/1
Low risk of
malnutrition
Medium risk
of malnutrition
High risk of malnutrition
Approximately how many people in the UK are malnourished?
0/1
1 million
3 million
5 million
7 million
Correct answer
3 million
Before a gastric surgery, a nurse identifies that the patients
BMI is too low. Who she should contact to improve the patients’ health before
surgery
0/1
Gastroenterologist
Dietitian
Family
doctor of patient
Physiotherapist
Correct answer
Dietitian
What are the contraindications for the use of the blood glucose
meter for blood glucose monitoring?
0/1
The patient
has a needle phobia and prefers to have a urinalysis
If the
patient is in a critical care setting, staff will send venous samples to the
laboratory for verification of blood glucose level
If the
machine hasn't been calibrated
If
peripheral circulation is impaired, collection of capillary blood is not
advised as the results might not be a true reflection of the physiological
blood glucose level
Correct answer
If peripheral circulation
is impaired, collection of capillary blood is not advised as the results might
not be a true reflection of the physiological blood glucose level
Common signs and symptoms of a hypoglycaemia exclude:
0/1
Feeling
hungry
Sweating
Anxiety or
irritability
Blurred
vision
Ketoacidosis
Correct answer
Ketoacidosis
All but one are common causes for hyperglycaemia:
0/1
Not eating
enough protein
Eating too
much carbohydrate
Over-treating
a hypoglycaemia
Stress
Infection
such as colds
Correct answer
Not eating enough protein
Common causes for hyperglycaemia exclude:
0/1
Not eating
enough protein
Eating too
much carbohydrate
Over-treating
a hypoglycaemia
Stress
Infection
Correct answer
Not eating enough protein
Hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes is more likely to occur
when the patients take one of the following except:
0/1
Insulin
Sulphonylureas
Prandial
glucose regulators
Metformin
Correct answer
Metformin
For an average person from UK who has non-insulin dependent
diabetes, how many servings of fruits and vegetables per day should they take?
0/1
1 serving
3 servings
5 servings
7 servings
Correct answer
5 servings
Fiona, 70 years old, has recently been diagnosed with Type 2
Diabetes. You have devised a care plan to meet her nutritional needs. However,
you have noted that she has poorly fitting dentures. Which of the following is
the least likely risk to the service user?
1/1
Malnutrition
Hyperglycaemia
Dehydration
Hypoglycaemia
A diabetic patient with suspected Liver Tumor has been
prescribed with Triphasic CT Scan. Which medication needs to be on hold after
the scan?
0/1
Furosemide
Metformin
Docusate
Sodium
Paracetamol
Correct answer
Metformin
The nurse is caring for a diabetic patient and when making
rounds, notices that the patient is trembling and stating they are dizzy. The
next action by the nurse would be:
1/1
Administer
patient’s scheduled Metformin
Give the
patient a glass of orange juice
Check the patient’s blood glucose
Call the
doctor
Most of the symptoms are common in both type 1 and type 2
diabetes. Which of the following symptom is more common in type 1 than type 2?
0/1
Thirst
Weight loss
Polyuria
Ketones
Correct answer
Ketones
The following fruits can be eaten by a person with Crohn’s
Disease except:
0/1
Mango
Papaya
Strawberries
Cantaloupe
Correct answer
Strawberries
A patient was diagnosed to have Chron’s disease. What would the
patient be manifesting?
0/1
Blood and
mucous in the faeces
Fatigue
Loss of
appetite
Urgent
bowel
Correct answer
Blood and mucous in the
faeces
A 27-year old adult male is admitted for treatment of Crohn's
disease. Which information is most significant when the nurse assesses his
nutritional health?
0/1
Facial
rubor
Dry skin
Bleeding
gums
Anthropometric
measurements
Correct answer
Anthropometric measurements
The term gavage indicates
0/1
Administration
of a liquid feeding into the stomach
Visual
examination of the stomach
Irrigation
of the stomach with solution
A surgical
opening through the abdomen to stomach
Correct answer
Administration of a liquid
feeding into the stomach
Before administering a tube feeding the nurse knows to perform
which of the following assessments?
0/1
The
gastrointestinal tract, including bowel sounds, last BM, and distention
The
client’s neurologic status, especially gag reflex
The amount
of air in stomach
That the
formula is used directly from the refrigerator
Correct answer
The gastrointestinal tract,
including bowel sounds, last BM, and distention
What specifically do you need to monitor to avoid complications
and ensure optimal nutritional status in patients being enterally fed?
0/1
Blood
glucose levels, full blood count, stoma site and bodyweight
Eye sight,
hearing, full blood count, lung function and stoma site
Assess
swallowing, patient choice, fluid balance, capillary refill time
Daily
urinalysis, ECG, protein levels and arterial pressure
Correct answer
Blood glucose levels, full
blood count, stoma site and bodyweight
How do you test the placement of an enteral tube?
0/1
Monitoring
bubbling at the end of the tube
Testing the
acidity/alkalinity of aspirate using blue litmus paper
Interpreting
absence of respiratory distress as an indicator of correct positioning
Have an
abdominal x-ray
Correct answer
Have an abdominal x-ray
The best way to verify enteral tube prior to feeding:
0/1
Abdominal
xray
Aspirate
gastric content pH <4
Introduce
air
Immerse in
a basin of water
Correct answer
Aspirate gastric content pH
<4
Which check do you need to carry out every time before setting
up a routine enteral feed via a nasogastric tube?
0/1
That when
flushed with red juice, the red juice can be seen when the tube is aspirated
That air
cannot be heard rushing into the lungs by doing the ‘whoosh test’
That the pH
of gastric aspirate is <4, and the measurement on the NG tube is the same
length as the time insertion
Abdominal
x-ray
Correct answer
That the pH of gastric
aspirate is <4, and the measurement on the NG tube is the same length as the
time insertion
Which check do you need to carry out before setting up an
enteral feed via nasogastric tube?
0/1
The air
cannot be heard rushing into the lungs by doing the WHOOSH TEST
That when
flushed with red juice, the red juice can be seen when the tube is aspirated
That the pH
of gastric aspirate is above 6.6 and the measurements on the NG tube is the
same length as the time insertion
That the pH
of gastric aspirate is below 5.5 and the measurements on the NG tube is the
same length as the time insertion
Correct answer
That the pH of gastric
aspirate is below 5.5 and the measurements on the NG tube is the same length as
the time insertion
Enteral feeding patient checks patency of tube placement by:
1/1
Pulling on
the tube and then pushing it back in place
Aspirating gastric juice and then checking for ph
<4
Infusing
water or air and listening for gurgles
X-ray
What is the best way to prevent a patient who is receiving an
enteral feed from aspirating?
0/1
Lie them
flat
Sit them at
least at a 45° angle
Tell them
to lie on their side
Check their
oxygen saturations
Correct answer
Sit them at least at a 45°
angle
A patient underwent an abdominal surgery and will be unable to
meet nutritional needs through oral intake. A patient was placed on enteral
feeding. How would you position the patient when feeding is being administered?
0/1
Sitting
upright at 30 to 45°
Sitting
upright at 60 to 75°
Sitting
upright at 45 to 60
Sitting
upright at 75 to 90°
Correct answer
Sitting upright at 30 to
45°
During enteral feeding in adults, at what degree angle should
the patient be nursed at to reduce the risk of reflux and aspiration?
0/1
25
35
45
55
Correct answer
45
Which of the following medications are safe to be administered
via a nasogastric tube?
0/1
Enteric
coated drugs to minimize the impact of gastric irritation
A cocktail
of all medications mixed together, to save time and prevent fluid overloading
the patient
Any drugs
that can be crushed
Drugs that
can be absorbed via this route, can be crushed and given diluted or dissolved
in 10-15 mL of water
Correct answer
Drugs that can be absorbed
via this route, can be crushed and given diluted or dissolved in 10-15 mL of
water
Which drug can be given via NG tube?
0/1
Modified
release hypertensive drugs
Crushing
the tablets
Lactulose
syrup
Insulin
Correct answer
Lactulose syrup
A patient has been admitted for nutritional support and started
receiving a hyperosmolar feed yesterday. He presents with diarrhoea but has no
pyrexia. What is likely to be the cause?
0/1
The feed
An
infection
Food
poisoning
Being in
hospital
Correct answer
The feed
Your patient has a bulky oesophageal tumour and is waiting for
surgery. When he tries to eat, food gets stuck and gives him heartburn. What is
the most likely route that will be chosen to provide him with the nutritional
support he needs?
0/1
Nasogastric
tube feeding
Feeding via
a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
Feeding via
a radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG)
Continue
oral food
Correct answer
Feeding via a
radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG)
The night after an exploratory laparotomy, a patient who has a
nasogastric tube attached to low suction reports nausea. A nurse should take
which of the following actions first?
0/1
Administer
the prescribed antiemetic to the patient
Determine
the patency of the patient's nasogastric tube
Instruct
the patient to take deep breaths
Assess the
patient for pain
Correct answer
Determine the patency of
the patient's nasogastric tube
Your patient has been recently prescribed with PEG feeding with
a resting period of 4 hours. After two weeks of starting the routine, he has
been having episodes of loose stool. What could be done?
0/1
Refer him
to a dietician and review for a longer resting period between feeds
Refer him
to the tissue viability nurse for his peg site
Examine his
abdomen and assess for lumps
Examine his
peg site, and apply metronidazole ointment if swollen
Correct answer
Refer him to a dietician
and review for a longer resting period between feeds
Mrs X is diabetic and on PEG feed. Her blood sugar has been high
during the last 3 days. She is on Nystatin Oral Drops QID, regular PEG flushes
and insulin doses. Her Humulin dose has been increased from 12 iu to 14 iu. The
nurse practitioner has advised you to monitor her BM’s for the next two days.
What will be your initial intervention if her BM drops to 2.8 mmol after 2
morning doses of 14 iu?
0/1
Offer her a
chocolate bar and a glass of orange juice
Flush
glucose syrup through her PEG Tube
Ring the
nurse practitioner and ask if the insulin dose can be dropped to 12 iu
Contact the
General Practitioner and request for a visit
Correct answer
Flush glucose syrup through
her PEG Tube
The nurse is preparing to change the parenteral nutrition (PN)
solution bag and tubing . The patient’s central venous line is located in the
right subclavian vein. The nurse asks the client to take which essential action
during the tubing change?
0/1
Breathe
normally
Turn the
head to the right
Exhale
slowly and evenly
Take
a deep breath, hold it, and bear down
Correct answer
Take a deep breath, hold
it, and bear down
How to position patient for abdominal tap
0/1
Supine
Supine with
head of bed elevated around 40-50 cm
Prone
Side
lying
Correct answer
Supine with head of bed
elevated around 40-50 cm
Correct position for abdominal paracentesis:
0/1
Lie the
patient supine in bed with the head raised 45–50 cm with a backrest
Sitting
upright at 45 to 60°
Sitting
upright at 60 to 75°
Sitting
upright at 75 to 90°
Correct answer
Lie the patient supine in
bed with the head raised 45–50 cm with a backrest
What position should you prepare the patient in pre-op for
abdominal Paracentesis?
0/1
Supine
Supine with
head of bed elevated to 40-50cm
Prone
Side-lying
Correct answer
Supine with head of bed
elevated to 40-50cm
What is the preferred position for abdominal paracentesis?
0/1
Supine with
head slightly elevated
Supine with
knees bent
Prone
Side-lying
Correct answer
Supine with head slightly
elevated
A patient in your care is about to go for a liver biopsy. What
are the most likely potential complications related to this procedure?
0/1
Inadvertent
puncture of the pleura, a blood vessel or bile duct
Inadvertent
puncture of the heart, oesophagus or spleen
Cardiac
arrest requiring resuscitation
Inadvertent
puncture of the kidney and cardiac arrest
Correct answer
Inadvertent puncture of the
pleura, a blood vessel or bile duct
What is the most definitive sign/complication 24 hours after
liver biopsy?
0/1
Intraperitoneal
haemorrhage
Infection
Biliary
peritonitis
Referred
pain
Correct answer
Intraperitoneal haemorrhage
Which of the following is a severe complication during 24 hours
post liver biopsy?
0/1
Pain at
insertion site
Nausea and
vomiting
Back pain
Bleeding
Correct answer
Bleeding
Patient is post op liver biopsy which is a sign of serious
complication?
0/1
CR of 104,
RR=24, Temp of 375
Nausea and
vomiting
Pain
Correct answer
CR of 104, RR=24, Temp of
375
A nurse assists the physician in performing liver biopsy. After
the biopsy the nurse places the patient in which position?
0/1
Supine
Prone
Left-side
lying
Right side
lying
Correct answer
Right side lying
Patients with gastric ulcers typically exhibit the following
symptoms:
0/1
Epigastric
pain worsens before meals, pain awakening patient from sleep an melena
Decreased
bowel sounds, rigid abdomen, rebound tenderness, and fever
Boring
epigastric pain radiating to back and left shoulder, bluish-grey discoloration
of periumbilical area and ascites
Epigastric
pains worsens after eating and weight loss
Correct answer
Epigastric pains worsens
after eating and weight loss
Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding may experience acute or
chronic blood loss. Your patient is experiencing hematochezia. You recognise
this by:
0/1
Red or
maroon- coloured stool rectally
Coffee
ground emesis
Black,
tarry stool
Vomiting
of bright red or maroon blood
Correct answer
Red or maroon- coloured
stool rectally
A 45-year old patient was diagnosed to have Piles
(Haemorrhoids). During your health education with the patient, you informed him
of the risk factors of Piles. You would tell him that it is caused by all of
the following except:
1/1
Straining
when passing stool
Being
overweight
Lack of
fibre in the diet
Prolonged walking
Which among the following is a cause of haemorrhoids?
0/1
High fibre
rich diet
Non-processed
food
Straining while
passing stools
Unsaturated
fats in the diet
Correct answer
Straining while passing
stools
Which of the following statements made by client diagnosed with
hepatitis A needs further understanding of the disease.
0/1
Washing
hands before cooking food
Refraining
from sexual intimacy and kissing while symptoms still present
Towels and
flannels can be shared with children
Correct answer
Towels and flannels can be
shared with children
A client is diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which of the following
statements made by client indicates understanding of the disease
1/1
Sexual intimacy and kissing is not allowed
Does
require hospitalization
Transmitted
only through blood transfusions
Any planned
surgery need to be postponed
If a patient is experiencing dysphagia, which of the following
investigations are they likely to have?
0/1
Colonoscopy
Gastroscopy
Cystoscopy
Arthroscopy
Correct answer
Gastroscopy
If a patient feels a cramping sensation in their abdomen after a
colonoscopy, it is advisable that they should do/have which of the following?
0/1
Eat and
drink as soon as sedation has worn off
Drink 500
mL of fluid immediately to flush out any gas retained in the abdomen
Have half
hourly blood pressure performed for 12 hours
Be nursed
flat and kept in bed for 12 hours
Correct answer
Eat and drink as soon as
sedation has worn off
On assessment of the abdomen of a patient with peritonitis you
would expect to find
0/1
Rebound
tenderness and guarding
Hyperactive,
high-pitched bowel sounds and a firm abdomen
A soft
abdomen with bowel sounds every 2 to 3 seconds
Ascites and
increased vascular pattern on the skin
Correct answer
Rebound tenderness and
guarding
How can patients who need assistance at meal times be identified?
0/1
A red
sticker
A colour
serviette
A red tray
Any of the
above
Correct answer
Any of the above
Who should do the assessment in a patient with dysphagia
0/1
Neurologic
physiotherapist
Speech
therapist
Occupation
therapist
Correct answer
Speech therapist
Which condition is not a cause of diarrhea?
1/1
Ulcerative
colitis
Intestinal obstruction
Hashimoto's
disease
Food allergy
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